How to care and maintain your turbocharger

Introduction
Starting out with turbocharging your car brings excitement and more power, but keeping your turbocharger in top shape is vital. If you’re new to this, taking care of your turbocharger isn’t complicated. This article helps beginners understand the basics of turbocharger maintenance. It covers simple checks and tips to make sure your turbocharger stays healthy, letting you enjoy the added performance without worries.
Lubrication
The turbocharger operates at incredibly high speeds and temperatures, typically in the range 80-150,000 RPM and experiencing temperatures upwards of 900 degrees Celsius. It relies heavily on lubrication to function smoothly and endure such harsh conditions. High-quality oils are designed to withstand extreme temperatures and provide protection against friction and wear. They not only facilitate smooth rotation of the turbochargers components but also create a protective barrier between moving parts, preventing metal-to-metal contact and reducing wear and tear.
Regular oil changes are crucial. Over time, oil breaks down due to high temperatures and contaminants. When oil degrades, it loses its ability to lubricate effectively, leading to increased friction, higher temperatures, and potential damage to the turbocharger’s bearings and shaft.
Using the recommended high-quality oil and adhering to manufacturer recommended change intervals ensure that the turbocharger receives proper lubrication. It’s essentially the lifeblood of the turbocharger, safeguarding its longevity and optimal performance. Failure to maintain lubrication can result in premature wear, reduced efficiency, and even catastrophic failure of the turbocharger.
Cooling
Coolant System: Some turbochargers are also water-cooled, utilizing the engine’s coolant system. The coolant circulates through the turbocharger to absorb excess heat. Maintaining the vehicle’s cooling system, ensuring the proper coolant levels, and regular coolant flushes according to the manufacturer’s recommendations help in efficient turbocharger cooling.
Water cooling’s main benefit occurs after the engine has been shut down. Heat stored in the turbine housing and exhaust manifold “soaks back” into the center section of the turbocharger after shutdown. During normal engine operation water flows through the turbocharger mostly due to the engine’s water pump. However, an additional phenomenon known as “thermal siphoning” pulls water through the turbocharger´s center housing if the water lines are properly routed, even after the engine shuts off and the water pump is no longer pumps.
Effective cooling is crucial to prevent overheating, maintain optimal performance, and prolong the turbochargers lifespan.
Oil Cooling: Turbochargers are often oil-cooled. The engine’s oil system helps regulate the temperature by carrying heat away from the turbocharger core (CHRA) and dissipating it through the engine’s oil cooler or a separate oil-to-air cooler. Ensuring clean, high-quality oil and regular oil changes are vital to maintain proper cooling efficiency.